They are named after Jack Foley – a pioneer in the sound replacement field.īackground sounds, or ambience tracks, provide the basic environment for a production. These and many other sounds must be dubbed during post production on the film's soundtrack in order to be heard by the audience. The magic of Foley places footsteps into a film soundtrack – recreates the rattle of a coffee cup being put down on a table – provides the realistic rustle of clothing and the ever popular punch in the face. They would enhance the production by creating a special sound for a space transporter, the magic of a genie's brass lamp, or for gigantic purple people eater cartoon animals.įoley sounds are crucial for motion picture and television productions sometimes the use of Foley sounds is called audio sound replacement. You might use special effects in cartoon, fantasy and science fiction productions. Specialty effects include sounds that are designed to be used for objects and places that exist only in our imaginations. These are the real and specific sounds that you hear such as dogs barking, guns firing, doors slamming and car tires screeching during a car chase. Isolated sounds include the sounds of everyday items like doorbells, car horns and telephone rings. We think of sound effects as falling into 4 main categories: isolated sounds, specialty effects, foley sounds and background sounds. You can read all about this in our End User License (link below). That would be a perfect live performance use for our sounds. But you can use them for a live theatrical performance, for instance if there is creaking door or a thunder roll that occurs offstage. ![]() You can't use the sounds in isolation they must be mixed into other audio or visual elements in your project. You can't claim them as your own or distribute to other folks. There are some restrictions in how you can use our sound effects and music, but they all make sense. ![]() Check out our End User License (link below) for full details. You can make money by using these sounds in games or apps on web sites, in blogs or podcasts. You can use these free sounds in films, television programs and commercials, radio programs and commercials, public service announcements. More than 850 music tracks in a variety of styles from Comedy to Patriotic. We are still curating and adding new sounds to the site every month. ![]() And we aren't just sitting back to let it ride. More than 4,500 individual sound effects files, all fully catalogued so you can search or browse through our sound effect categories to find what you need. How you do this is up to you but please make sure that you include our website URL in your credit. You must credit .uk if you use our sound effects or music in your project. This web site provides free sound effects that you are able to use in any commercial, non-commercial, broadcast multimedia/audio visual production.
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And of course I’m walking up with a baby and she goes “Ohhh!” and-forgetting that she had -and my daughter was like “Ahhh!” because this witch was glad to see her. My daughter was about a year old, and I needed to run down to the wardrobe department during a matinee, and Bernadette was sitting in the stairway waiting to go on. I remember Bernadette really wanted this kind of lump on her chin, and so, she was wonderful about really inventing the Witch. And, of course, you always have the situation in the theatre that it has to be adhered at least once a day and sometimes twice a day, and you’re gonna do it eight times a week, so, how much can their skin really take? How do you go about capturing the right look, but making sure audiences can see and hear the actor? AHW: It was a matter of casting their faces and then working with prosthetic designers and figuring out how much we could really put on. This was also an era when these kinds of prosthetics were really being introduced and used for the first time. We really went through a lot of versions of what that should be, and what really worked from stage during the preview time. And he had all the physical attributes of a male. And so we wanted to have a very sexual nature to the Wolf, and so he has a prosthetic chest-we actually cast the chest of a body builder, I think. That’s a really good reflection of what we’re talking about with these fairy tales when we tell our children, they’re used to explore all sorts of other things in our lives, right? All sorts of other aspects of how we choose, how we make decisions. But it’s got a darker side, too, this child and what’s happening. AHW: Steve and James both felt that there needed to be a sexual nature-I mean, it’s in “Hello, Little Girl.” It’s in the song, right? My favorite singing of that song ever was listening to Steve in his library singing it at his piano, you know, just the nature of the enticement of that song is so wonderful and fun. I understand that it took several versions to get the look right. ![]() Your concept for the Wolf, which married the physical attributes of man and beast, was dripping with sexuality-right down to being anatomically correct. We spent a lot of time with the Rackham versions, which are those are beautiful illustrations, then looking at some more contemporary ones and then starting to think about the characters all together from that. Then, we spent a lot of time looking at illustrations through time of all of these various fairy tales. ![]() There’s a lot more anxiety-ridden, anxious things that I think we’ve kind of cleansed the palette of those fairy tales with, through time. Cinderella, if you go back and read some of the original versions, she ends up underneath a table being kicked by everybody at the table. I mean, we’ve kind of made them easier for our children. When you go back and look at a lot of those original fairy tales, they’re pretty terrifying. We went back and looked at a lot of the initial versions of the fairy tales to begin with. What sources did you turn to when you began conceiving what these classic characters would look like? Ann Hould-Ward: Lapine was so interested in really going back to the original fairy tales, and he was very interested in what the psychology was: the echoing of contemporary psychology (when we did it in the late 80s), and the psychology that people didn’t even know when they’re telling their children the fairy tales in the 1700s. visited Hould-Ward as she opened up her “show bible” for Into the Woods to exclusively share never-before-seen sketches, photos and inspirations that are now a part of Broadway history. Hould-Ward earned her second Tony nomination for her work on the production when Into the Woods arrived on Broadway the following year. This year marks 30 years since Into the Woods premiered at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego, CA. While these fairy tale characters navigated unfamiliar emotional territory, they were instantly recognizable to audiences thanks to the detailed costume designs of Ann Hould-Ward, who collaborated with Lapine and Sondheim just a few years prior when she translated the pointillistic art of George Seurat into wearable fashion for Sunday in the Park With George. ![]() In the mid 1980’s Stephen Sondheim and James Lapine set out to write Into the Woods, a “quest” musical that would intertwine the characters and narratives of classic fairy tales with a contemporary underpinning.īy excavating the often overlooked darker aspects and implications (the ones you don’t see in the Disney versions), Sondheim and Lapine reintroduced audiences to the bedtime stories they heard as children-only this time Cinderella, Little Red and the charming Prince were tangled in confusion, conflict, sexual tension and ethical dilemmas. ![]() ![]() Whether you are looking for a fast-growing plant to cover a fence or something that provides year-round interest, you are sure to find a vine that suits your tastes and needs. When it comes to plants that grow on fences, you have many choices on what kinds of vines to grow. DIY Outdoor Lattice Privacy Screen Installation 1. Now that you know how to plant a living fence using vines, you can start to beautify your chain link fence. Many times foliage vines that grow on fences are variegated or have splendid fall color and are exciting to look at. Non-evergreen, but foliage-focused, plants can bring a startling and lovely backdrop to the garden. Carolina Jessamine ( Gelsemium sempervirens).Some evergreen vines for covering chain link fences include: The company SnapFence makes this vinyl lattice fence topper kit that is designed to fit on top of concrete block walls. They can also help add winter interest to your garden or serve as a backdrop to your other plants. If you were looking for some perennial flowering vines for fences, these would include:Įvergreen and Foliage Plants That Grow on FencesĮvergreen plants that grow on fences can help to keep your fence looking lovely all year round. Some annual flowering vines for fences include: If you would like a fast-growing plant to cover the fence, you will want an annual. Garden lattice can be a useful and stylish way to store your garden tools. If you would like to look at flowering vines for fences, you have several choices. Do you want an annual vine or a perennial vine?Įach choice is important depending on what you want for your fence.In turn, the posts will be sunk into the ground and supported by concrete. Do you want an evergreen vine or a deciduous vine? If the lattice screen is to be freestanding, install posts to support the lattice.Do you want flowering vines for fences or foliage vines?.Before deciding which plant you will use, think about what you would like the plants that grow on fences to accomplish: There are a few things to consider when covering chain link fences with plants. But, if you take a few minutes to learn how to plant a living fence with a fast-growing plant to cover fence sections, you can have a fence that is both lovely and inexpensive. While chain link fencing is inexpensive and easy to install, it does lack the beauty of other kinds of fencing. Covering chain link fences is a common problem for many homeowners. ![]() Working through this example shows that the PPC curve can also tell us the difference between increasing opportunity costs and constant opportunity costs. Economically, my opportunity cost of making hamburgers is rising. I’m giving up more pizzas to move from D to E then I did from moving from C to D, even though I’m making fewer hamburgers. Then, moving one step further, from 10 hamburgers to 11 hamburgers means that I have to give up 15 pizzas. To move from making 8 hamburgers to 10 hamburgers, I have to give up 10 pizzas. To highlight this, consider moving from C to D and then from D to E. ![]() In this example, my opportunity costs are what I give up in order to produce more pizzas or more hamburgers. Opportunity costs are key to understanding both AP® Microeconomics and AP® Macroeconomics, and the production possibilities curve lets us clearly visualize them. ![]() The combination of scarcity and trade-offs brings us to opportunity costs. So, we can see the trade-off that is inherent to the last hamburger I decide to make-namely, I give up the 15 pizzas that I could have made. If I’m willing to make 1 less hamburger though, the PPC shows that I could make 15 pizzas. The PPC curve shows us that if I spend my entire day making hamburgers, I can make 11 of them. Let’s say that I’m spending all of my time making hamburgers. Because time is a scarce resource, when choosing to make more hamburgers or more pizzas, I have to consider the inherent trade-off created. Likewise, the production possibilities curve demonstrates the vital economic concept of trade-offs. Because there are only so many hours in a day, as I spend more time focusing on making pizzas, I simply cannot make as many hamburgers. I can spend my entire day making 32 pizzas, but this means that I will have no more time available to make a hamburger. To illustrate, let’s look at each of these concepts in the context of our simple example.įirst, how does the PPC curve demonstrate scarcity? In this case, the scarce resource is the number of hours in a day available to me. In particular, the PPC curve demonstrates scarcity, trade-offs, opportunity costs, and economic efficiency. Knowing the production possibilities curve is key to your AP® Economics review because it brings together a number of economic concepts. Now that we’ve seen how to put together a simple example, let’s find out what makes this concept so relevant to studying for AP® Macroeconomics and AP® Microeconomics! What’s so Important About the PPC? We can see that the graph of the production possibilities curve in our simple example demonstrates visually the different production opportunities that are available to me, depending on the length of time I want to spend making either pizzas or hamburgers. This outward bowed PPC should look roughly similar to the graph at the beginning of this post. Hey! Where did point F come from? For now, ignore F, but we will come back to it when we discuss efficiency. Now that we know exactly what my production possibilities are. This means I may have a set of production possibilities that looks like the following table: For example, during the day, I can make pizzas or hamburgers, and I only have so much time. It’s easiest to start by thinking about the production possibilities available to any person, like you or me. ![]() We’ll start by working out what exactly a production possibilities curve is by thinking through a simple example. In this post, we’ll build our understanding of the production possibilities curve from the ground up and work through some practice questions together so let’s get started! A Simple Example First and foremost, you’ll definitively need to master this concept if you want to ace your AP® Microeconomics or AP® Macroeconomics exams, of course! Beyond that, the PPC curve gives you an opportunity to make sure you’ve got a handle on some important economics subjects, such as opportunity costs and efficiency. The production possibilities curve is a crucial part of any AP® Economics review for a couple of reasons. So what is the production possibilities curve? The PPC curve is a way to represent the different production opportunities for a person, country, or trading partners. In that case, the production possibilities curve, sometimes called the production possibilities frontier, is a concept that you’ve got to know! Introduction to Production Possibilities Curve So you’ve started studying for the AP® Microeconomics and AP® Macroeconomics exams, and you want to know what’s essential for your AP® Economics review. ![]() The tax is computed as the tax rate times the taxable transaction value. Sales taxes are imposed only on taxable transfers of goods or services. The effective tax shown is calculated using a microsimulation model based on the 1990 Public Use Microdata Sample of census records and statistical data from the Internal Revenue Service for undisclosed years. The average effective sales tax for different income groups of the combined 50 States (2007). Most states allow or require electronic remittance. Sellers generally must collect tax from in-state purchasers unless the purchaser provides an exemption certificate. In states where the tax is on the seller, it is customary for the seller to demand reimbursement from the buyer. In either case, the seller files returns and remits the tax to the state. States imposing sales tax either impose the tax on retail sellers, such as with Transaction Privilege Tax in Arizona, or impose it on retail buyers and require sellers to collect it. Sales taxes, including those imposed by local governments, are generally administered at the state level. Most jurisdictions exempt food sold in grocery stores, prescription medications, and many agricultural supplies. The purchase of goods for further manufacture or for resale is uniformly exempt from sales tax. Nearly all jurisdictions provide numerous categories of goods and services that are exempt from sales tax, or taxed at reduced rates. The definitions of retail sales and taxable items vary among the states. In cases where items are sold at retail more than once, such as used cars, the sales tax can be charged on the same item indefinitely. Unlike the value added tax, a sales tax is imposed only at the retail level. Use tax is self-assessed by a buyer who has not paid sales tax on a taxable purchase. The seller collects it at the time of the sale. Sales tax is calculated by multiplying the purchase price by the applicable tax rate. ![]() Including county and city sales taxes, the highest total sales tax is in Arab, Alabama, 13.50%. California has the highest base sales tax rate, 7.25%. States may grant local governments the authority to impose additional general or selective sales taxes.Īs of 2017, 5 states (Alaska, Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire and Oregon) do not levy a statewide sales tax. 45 states, the District of Columbia, the territories of Puerto Rico, and Guam impose general sales taxes that apply to the sale or lease of most goods and some services, and states also may levy selective sales taxes on the sale or lease of particular goods or services. Sales tax is governed at the state level and no national general sales tax exists. Sales taxes in the United States are taxes placed on the sale or lease of goods and services in the United States. |